HTML — Special Entity Codes

This Web page contains lists of common special entity codes needed in HTML to generate special characters such as ñ, ¢, ÷ and other characters. Full instructions are in the "Using the Codes" section followed by lists organized by character type.

  1. Letters with Accents - (e.g. ó, ò, ñ)
  2. Other Foreign Characters - (e.g. ç, ¿, ß)
  3. Currency Symbols - (e.g. ¢, £, ¥)
  4. Math Symbols - (e.g. ±, °, ÷)
  5. Other Punctuation - (e.g. &, ©, §, smart quotes )
  6. Using the Codes
  7. Extraatje!

Caution on Smart Quotes and Long Dashes

“Smart (curly) quotes” (vs. "plain (straight) quotes") and long dashes such as em dash (—) and en dash (–) are actually considered "special characters" in HTML. If you are using a Word file with these symbols, you may need to remove them or replace them with entity characters. Plain quotes and short dashes are always OK.

Letters with Accents

This list is organized by Accent type. If a value is missing in the chart, then see the Expanded Unicode Accents code page.

To determine the appropriate numeric code, match the accent with the vowel. The general template for each accent is in the left column in blue. For instance &Vcirc; means that all the entity codes for vowels with circumflex accents contain "circ" as part of the code. NOTE: Numbers in parentheses refer to the numeric position of the character in the Latin-1 encoding scheme.

Example 1: To input the lower case circumflex â in HTML, type in â
Example 2: To input the capital circumflex  in HTML, type in Â
Exampe 3: To input lower case circumflex ô in HTML, type in ô.

Accent A E I O U Y
Grave
&Vgrave;

(Cap)
À
À
(192)
È
È
(200)
Ì
Ì
(204)
Ò
Ò
(210)
Ù
Ù
(217)
Grave (Lower) à
à
(224)
è
è
(232)
ì
ì
(236)
ò
ò
(242)
ù
ù
(249)
 
Acute
&Vacute;

(Cap)
Á
Á
(193)
É
É
(201)
Í
Í
(205)
Ó
Ó
(211)
Ú
Ú
(218)
Ý
Ý
(221)
Acute (Lower) á
á
(225)
é
é
(233)
í
í
(237)
ó
ó
(243)
ú
ú
(250)
ý
ý
(253)
Circumflex
&Vcirc;
(Cap)
Â
Â
(194)
Ê
Ê
(202)
Î
Î
(206)
Ô
Ô
(212)
Û
Û
(219)
 
Circumflex (Lower) â
â
(226)
ê
ê
(234)
î
î
(238)
ô
ô
(244)
û
û
(251)
 
Tilde
&Vtilde;
(Cap)
Ã
Ã
(195)
-- Ñ
Ñ
(209)
Õ
Õ
(213)
--  
Tilde (Lower) ã
ã
(227)
-- ñ
ñ
(241)
õ
õ
(245)
--  
Umlaut
&Vuml;
(Cap)
Ä
Ä
(196)
Ë
Ë
(203)
Ï
Ï
(207)
Ö
Ö
(214)
Ü
Ü
(220)
Ÿ1
Ÿ
(159)
Umlaut (Lower) ä
ä
(228)
ë
ë
(235)
ï
ï
(239)
ö
ö
(246)
ü
ü
(252)
ÿ
ÿ
(255)

1: The code Ÿ is not supported in older browsers such as Netscape 4.7, but the numeric version (Ÿ) works.

If you are having problems inputting these codes, please review the instructions for using the codes on top of this Web page.

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Other Foreign Characters

This page includes common Western European characters only.

Common Codes

NOTES: Numbers in parentheses refer to the numeric position of the character in the Latin-1 encoding scheme.

Example 1: To generate the upside-down question mark ¿, type ¿ into the HTML code.
Example 2: To generate French oe ligature œ, type œ into the HTML code.

SYMBOL NAME CODE NOTES
¡ Upside-down exclamation point. ¡ (161)  
¿ Upside-down question mark. ¿ (191)  
Ç,ç French C cedille (caps/lowercase) Ç (199)
ç (231)
 
Œ,œ French O-E ligature (caps/lowercase) Œ (140)
œ (156)

In older browsers, use (Œ) for Capital O-E ligature and (œ) for lowercase

ß German double S ß (223)  
Ø,ø O slash (caps/lowercase) Ø (216)
ø (248)
 
Å,å A ring, Angstrom sign (caps/lowercase) Å (197)
å (229)
 
Æ,æ A-E ligature (caps/lowercase) Æ (198)
æ (230)
 
Þ,þ Old English thorn (caps/lowercase) Þ (222)
þ (254)
 
Ð,ð Old English eth (caps/lowercase) Р(208)
ð (240)
 
« » European/Spanish style double angle quote mark. « (171)
» (187)
 

New Codes

These codes do not work in old browsers like Netscape 4.7, but are generally usable in new browsers.

SYMBOL NAME CODE
‹ › European/Spanish style single angle quote mark. ‹ 
› 
European bottom quote „
European single bottom quote ‚ 

 

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Currency Symbols

NOTE: Numbers in parentheses refer to the numeric position of the character in the Latin-1 encoding scheme.

Example: To generate the cent sign ¢,type ¢ into the HTML code.

SYMBOL NAME CODE
¢ cent sign ¢ (162)
£ British Pound £ (163)
¥ Japanese Yen ¥ (165)
Euro Symbol € (--)
¤ Generic currency symbol ¤ (164)
ƒ Dutch Florin Symbol (may not work in older browsers) ƒ (--)

If you are having problems inputting these codes, please review the instructions for using the codes on top of this Web page.

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Math Symbols

Common Codes

NOTE: Numbers in parentheses refer to the numeric position of the character in the Latin-1 encoding scheme.

Example: To generate the division sign ÷, type ÷ or ÷ into the HTML code.

SYMBOL NAME CODE
> Greater than > (62)
< Less than &lt; (60)
÷ Division symbol &divide; (247)
° Degree symbol &deg; (176)
¬ Not symbol &not; (172)
± Plus/minus symbol &plusmn; (177)
µ Micro &micro; (181)

If you are having problems inputting these codes, please review the instructions for using the codes on top of this Web page.

New Codes

These codes do not work in old browsers like Netscape 4.7, but are generally usable in new browsers.

Below are just a few available codes.

Common New Entity Codes for Math
SYMBOL NAME CODE
therefore triangle &there4;
not equals &ne;
greater than or equals to &ge;
less than or equals to &le;
approximately &asymp;
square root radical &radic;
infinity &infin;
integral sign &int;
partial derivative &part;
Single prime &prime;
Double prime &Prime;
Sigma Sum Sign &sum;
Pi Product Sign &prod;
Per mil (1/1000th) &permil;
equivalent to (three lines) &equiv;

 

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Other Punctuation

Caution on Smart Quotes and Long Dashes

“Smart (curly) quotes” (vs. "plain (straight) quotes") and long dashes such as em dash (—) and en dash (–) are actually considered "special characters" in HTML. If you are using a Word file with these symbols, you may need to remove them or replace them with entity characters.

Common Codes

Example 1: To generate the and symbol & (&amp;) type in &amp;.
Example 2: To generate the string &amp; in HTML, type &amp;amp;.

SYMBOL NAME CODE
(blank space) Inserts a non-breaking blank space (en space) &nbsp; (32)
& Ampersand &amp; (38)
Opening Double Quotes &ldquo; (or &#147 in older browsers)
Closing Double Quotes &rdquo; (or &#148 in older browsers)
Opening Single Quote Mark &lsquo; (or &#145 in older browsers)
Closing Single Quote Mark &rsquo; (or &#146 in older browsers)
® Registered symbol &reg; (174)
© Copyright symbol &copy; (169)
® Registered symbol &reg; (174)
Trademark symbol &trade; (or &#153; in older browsers)
Paragraph symbol &para; (182)
Big List Dot &bull; (or &#149 in older browsers)
· Medium List Dot &middot; (or &#183 in older browsers)
§ Section Symbol &sect; (167)
en-dash &ndash; (or &#150; in older browsers)
em-dash &mdash; (or &#151; in older browsers)

New Codes

These codes do not work in old browsers like Netscape 4.7, but are generally usable in new browsers.

SYMBOL NAME CODE
dagger (cross) &dagger;
double dagger &Dagger;
open diamond, lozenge &loz;
up arrow &uarr;
down arrow &darr;
left arrow &larr;
right arrow &rarr;
double headed arrow &harr;

 

If you are having problems inputting these codes, please review the instructions for using the codes on top of this Web page.

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Using the Codes

To input non-English into an Web page, HTML employs a series of entity codes enclosed with an & on the left side and a ; (semi-colon) on the right.

HTML SPECIAL CHARACTER TEMPLATE      &(code);

For example, the code for ç is "ccedil". To generate French ç in HTML, type the code &ccedil; into your HTML document as in:

HTML - fran&cecedil;ais
Result - français

Here's another example using &cent; for ¢.

HTML - It cost 5&cent;.
Result - It cost 5¢.

Some characters like œ (#156) are known by a number, not an entity code. For these characters the template is:

HTML CHARACTER NUMBER TEMPLATE      &#(number);

For example to input sœur, the French word for sister you use the following code:

HTML - s&#156;ur 'sister'
Result - sœur 'sister'

Troubleshooting the Encoding

If one of the numeric codes (e.g. &#156; for œ) fails to display, try including the following meta tags in the header (between the <head></head>) tags.

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=win 1252">

This will force the browser to switch to the correct encoding system.

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Extraatje!

34quot"quotation mark = APL quote
38amp&ampersand
60lt<less-than sign
62gt>greater-than sign
160nbsp no-break space = non-breaking space
161iexcl¡inverted exclamation mark
162cent¢cent sign
163pound£pound sign
164curren¤currency sign
165yen¥yen sign = yuan sign
166brvbar¦broken bar = broken vertical bar
167sect§section sign
168uml¨diaeresis = spacing diaeresis
169copy©copyright sign
170ordfªfeminine ordinal indicator
171laquo«left-pointing double angle quotation mark = left pointing guillemet
172not¬not sign
173shy­soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen
174reg®registered sign = registered trade mark sign
175macr¯macron = spacing macron = overline = APL overbar
176deg°degree sign
177plusmn±plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign
178sup2²superscript two = superscript digit two = squared
179sup3³superscript three = superscript digit three = cubed
180acute´acute accent = spacing acute
181microµmicro sign
182parapilcrow sign = paragraph sign
183middot·middle dot = Georgian comma = Greek middle dot
184cedil¸cedilla = spacing cedilla
185sup1¹superscript one = superscript digit one
186ordmºmasculine ordinal indicator
187raquo»right-pointing double angle quotation mark = right pointing guillemet
188frac14¼vulgar fraction one quarter = fraction one quarter
189frac12½vulgar fraction one half = fraction one half
190frac34¾vulgar fraction three quarters = fraction three quarters
191iquest¿inverted question mark = turned question mark
192AgraveÀlatin capital letter A with grave = latin capital letter A grave
193AacuteÁlatin capital letter A with acute
194AcircÂlatin capital letter A with circumflex
195AtildeÃlatin capital letter A with tilde
196AumlÄlatin capital letter A with diaeresis
197AringÅlatin capital letter A with ring above = latin capital letter A ring
198AEligÆlatin capital letter AE = latin capital ligature AE
199CcedilÇlatin capital letter C with cedilla
200EgraveÈlatin capital letter E with grave
201EacuteÉlatin capital letter E with acute
202EcircÊlatin capital letter E with circumflex
203EumlËlatin capital letter E with diaeresis
204IgraveÌlatin capital letter I with grave
205IacuteÍlatin capital letter I with acute
206IcircÎlatin capital letter I with circumflex
207IumlÏlatin capital letter I with diaeresis
208ETHÐlatin capital letter ETH
209NtildeÑlatin capital letter N with tilde
210OgraveÒlatin capital letter O with grave
211OacuteÓlatin capital letter O with acute
212OcircÔlatin capital letter O with circumflex
213OtildeÕlatin capital letter O with tilde
214OumlÖlatin capital letter O with diaeresis
215times×multiplication sign
216OslashØlatin capital letter O with stroke = latin capital letter O slash
217UgraveÙlatin capital letter U with grave
218UacuteÚlatin capital letter U with acute
219UcircÛlatin capital letter U with circumflex
220UumlÜlatin capital letter U with diaeresis
221YacuteÝlatin capital letter Y with acute
222THORNÞlatin capital letter THORN
223szligßlatin small letter sharp s = ess-zed
224agraveàlatin small letter a with grave = latin small letter a grave
225aacuteálatin small letter a with acute
226acircâlatin small letter a with circumflex
227atildeãlatin small letter a with tilde
228aumlälatin small letter a with diaeresis
229aringålatin small letter a with ring above = latin small letter a ring
230aeligælatin small letter ae = latin small ligature ae
231ccedilçlatin small letter c with cedilla
232egraveèlatin small letter e with grave
233eacuteélatin small letter e with acute
234ecircêlatin small letter e with circumflex
235eumlëlatin small letter e with diaeresis
236igraveìlatin small letter i with grave
237iacuteílatin small letter i with acute
238icircîlatin small letter i with circumflex
239iumlïlatin small letter i with diaeresis
240ethðlatin small letter eth
241ntildeñlatin small letter n with tilde
242ograveòlatin small letter o with grave
243oacuteólatin small letter o with acute
244ocircôlatin small letter o with circumflex
245otildeõlatin small letter o with tilde
246oumlölatin small letter o with diaeresis
247divide÷division sign
248oslashølatin small letter o with stroke, = latin small letter o slash
249ugraveùlatin small letter u with grave
250uacuteúlatin small letter u with acute
251ucircûlatin small letter u with circumflex
252uumlülatin small letter u with diaeresis
253yacuteýlatin small letter y with acute
254thornþlatin small letter thorn with
255yumlÿlatin small letter y with diaeresis
338OEligŒlatin capital ligature OE
339oeligœlatin small ligature oe
ligature is a misnomer, this is a separate character in some languages
352ScaronŠlatin capital letter S with caron
353scaronšlatin small letter s with caron
376YumlŸlatin capital letter Y with diaeresis
402fnofƒlatin small f with hook = function = florin
710circˆmodifier letter circumflex accent
732tilde˜small tilde
913AlphaΑgreek capital letter alpha
914BetaΒgreek capital letter beta
915GammaΓgreek capital letter gamma
916DeltaΔgreek capital letter delta
917EpsilonΕgreek capital letter epsilon
918ZetaΖgreek capital letter zeta
919EtaΗgreek capital letter eta
920ThetaΘgreek capital letter theta
921IotaΙgreek capital letter iota
922KappaΚgreek capital letter kappa
923LambdaΛgreek capital letter lambda
924MuΜgreek capital letter mu
925NuΝgreek capital letter nu
926XiΞgreek capital letter xi
927OmicronΟgreek capital letter omicron
928PiΠgreek capital letter pi
929RhoΡgreek capital letter rho
there is no Sigmaf, and no U+03A2 character either
931SigmaΣgreek capital letter sigma
932TauΤgreek capital letter tau
933UpsilonΥgreek capital letter upsilon
934PhiΦgreek capital letter phi
935ChiΧgreek capital letter chi
936PsiΨgreek capital letter psi
937OmegaΩgreek capital letter omega
945alphaαgreek small letter alpha
946betaβgreek small letter beta
947gammaγgreek small letter gamma
948deltaδgreek small letter delta
949epsilonεgreek small letter epsilon
950zetaζgreek small letter zeta
951etaηgreek small letter eta
952thetaθgreek small letter theta
953iotaιgreek small letter iota
954kappaκgreek small letter kappa
955lambdaλgreek small letter lambda
956muμgreek small letter mu
957nuνgreek small letter nu
958xiξgreek small letter xi
959omicronοgreek small letter omicron
960piπgreek small letter pi
961rhoρgreek small letter rho
962sigmafςgreek small letter final sigma
963sigmaσgreek small letter sigma
964tauτgreek small letter tau
965upsilonυgreek small letter upsilon
966phiφgreek small letter phi
967chiχgreek small letter chi
968psiψgreek small letter psi
969omegaωgreek small letter omega
977thetasymϑgreek small letter theta symbol
978upsihϒgreek upsilon with hook symbol
982pivϖgreek pi symbol
8194enspen space
8195emspem space
8201thinspthin space
8204zwnjzero width non-joiner
8205zwjzero width joiner
8206lrmleft-to-right mark
8207rlmright-to-left mark
8211ndashen dash
8212mdashem dash
8216lsquoleft single quotation mark
8217rsquoright single quotation mark
8218sbquosingle low-9 quotation mark
8220ldquoleft double quotation mark
8221rdquoright double quotation mark
8222bdquodouble low-9 quotation mark
8224daggerdagger
8225Daggerdouble dagger
8226bullbullet = black small circle
bullet is NOT the same as bullet operator
8230helliphorizontal ellipsis = three dot leader
8240permilper mille sign
8242primeprime = minutes = feet
8243Primedouble prime = seconds = inches
8249lsaquosingle left-pointing angle quotation mark
lsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized
8250rsaquosingle right-pointing angle quotation mark
rsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized
8254olineoverline = spacing overscore
8260fraslfraction slash
8364euroeuro sign
8465imageblackletter capital I = imaginary part
8472weierpscript capital P = power set = Weierstrass p
8476realblackletter capital R = real part symbol
8482tradetrade mark sign
8501alefsymalef symbol = first transfinite cardinal
alef symbol is NOT the same as hebrew letter alef, U+05D0 although the same glyph could be used to depict both characters
8592larrleftwards arrow
8593uarrupwards arrow
8594rarrrightwards arrow
8595darrdownwards arrow
8596harrleft right arrow
8629crarrdownwards arrow with corner leftwardsc = carriage return
8656lArrleftwards double arrow
Unicode does not say that lArr is the same as the 'is implied by' arrow but also does not have any other character for that function. So ? lArr can be used for 'is implied by'
8657uArrupwards double arrow
8658rArrrightwards double arrow
Unicode does not say this is the 'implies' character but does not have another character with this function so ? rArr can be used for 'implies' as ISOtech suggests
8659dArrdownwards double arrow
8660hArrleft right double arrow
8704forallfor all
8706partpartial differential
8707existthere exists
8709emptyempty set = null set = diameter
8711nablanabla = backward difference
8712isinelement of
8713notinnot an element of
8715nicontains as member
8719prodn-ary product = product sign
prod is NOT the same character as U+03A0 'greek capital letter pi' though the same glyph might be used for both
8721sumn-ary sumation
sum is NOT the same character as U+03A3 'greek capital letter sigma' though the same glyph might be used for both
8722minusminus sign
8727lowastasterisk operator
8730radicsquare root = radical sign
8733propproportional to
8734infininfinity
8736angangle
8743andlogical and = wedge
8744orlogical or = vee
8745capintersection = cap
8746cupunion = cup
8747intintegral
8756there4therefore
8764simtilde operator = varies with = similar to
tilde operator is NOT the same character as the tilde, U+007E, although the same glyph might be used to represent both
8773congapproximately equal to
8776asympalmost equal to = asymptotic to
8800nenot equal to
8801equividentical to
8804leless-than or equal to
8805gegreater-than or equal to
8834subsubset of
8835supsuperset of
note that nsup, 'not a superset of, U+2283' is not covered by the Symbol font encoding and is not included. Should it be, for symmetry? It is in ISOamsn
8836nsubnot a subset of
8838subesubset of or equal to
8839supesuperset of or equal to
8853opluscircled plus = direct sum
8855otimescircled times = vector product
8869perpup tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular
8901sdotdot operator
dot operator is NOT the same character as U+00B7 middle dot
8968lceilleft ceiling = apl upstile
8969rceilright ceiling
8970lfloorleft floor = apl downstile
8971rfloorright floor
9001langleft-pointing angle bracket = bra
lang is NOT the same character as U+003C 'less than' or U+2039 'single left-pointing angle quotation mark'
9002rangright-pointing angle bracket = ket
rang is NOT the same character as U+003E 'greater than' or U+203A 'single right-pointing angle quotation mark'
9674lozlozenge
9824spadesblack spade suit
black here seems to mean filled as opposed to hollow
9827clubsblack club suit = shamrock
9829heartsblack heart suit = valentine
9830diamsblack diamond suit